Ambedkar, Iyothee Thass, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Ayyankali, Poykayil Appachan, and others began to articulate the sources and modes of caste oppression. Modern Dalit writing only emerged as a distinct genre after the democratic and egalitarian thinkers such as Sree Narayana Guru, Jyotiba Phule, B.R. The origins of Dalit writing can also be traced back to Marathi Dalit Bhakti poets like Gora, Chokha Mela and Karmamela, and to the Tamil Siddhas, or Chittars - many of whose hagiographies, in accounts such as the 12th-century Periyapuranam, suggest that they may have been Dalits. Another poet who finds mention is Dohara Kakkaiah, a Dalit by birth, whose six confessional poems survive. One of the first Dalit writers was Madara Chennaiah, an 11th-century cobbler-saint who lived during the reign of the Western Chalukyas and who is also regarded by some scholars as the "father of Vachana poetry". Dalit literature denounced the then-prevailing portrayal of life by mainstream Marathi literature. Dalit literature exists in several Indian languages, including Marathi, Bangla, Hindi, Kannada, Punjabi, Sindhi, and Tamil, through narratives such as poems, short stories, and autobiographies, which stood out due to their stark portrayal of reality and the Dalit political scene. Literatures for or by poverty stricken and oppressed peopleĭalit literature is literature written by Dalits about their lives.
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